A line chart showing the cumulative number of large-scale AI models by domain since 2019, with 'Language' models experiencing exponential growth.

Line chart illustrating the rapid increase in large-scale AI models across various domains from 2019 to 2025, with 'Language' leading significantly.

Cumulative number of large-scale AI models by domain since 2019 Describes the specific area, application, or field in which a large-scale AI model is designed to operate. Our World in Data Language Vision Multimodal Video Image generation Speech Audio Biology Robotics Games 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 Data source: Epoch AI (2026) OurWorldinData.org/artificial-intelligence | CC BY Note: The source defines AI models as "large-scale" when their training compute is confirmed to exceed 10^23 floating-point operations.